Force Expressed by 3D-Printed Aligners with Different Thickness and Design Compared to Thermoformed Aligners: An in Vitro Study Francesca Cremonini , Carolina Pancari, Luca Brucculeri, Ariyan Karami Shabankare and Luca Lombardo

This study aimed to compare the initial and final forces of three types of 3D-printed aligners (with different thickness gradients and gingival margins) and traditional thermoformed aligners (with different gingival margins), evaluating stress relaxation and force consistency to determine which material and configuration may be optimal for better force distribution.